As expected, Chairman Powell turned “tough” at the post-Open Market Committee meeting this week and announced the accelerated wind-down of the Fed open market purchases. Moreover, the so-called “dot plot”, the committee’s forecast for interest rates, is projecting three rate hikes in 2022 and three more in 2023. We would have preferred to hear that message last January, but Powell failed to take action despite the rise of inflation and accelerating economy.
Treasury yields drifted higher and stocks closed at or near record highs in somewhat muted trading this week. The price action was a little surprising given the outsized economic data reported. The least watched, but one of our favored measures, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS), counted 11,033,000 available and unfilled jobs in the economy. That was only the second instance that JOLTS topped more than 11 million. The second economic surprise was initial jobless claims for unemployment insurance which counted 184,000 applicants for the week ended December 4th.
Trading this week was dominated by Chairman Powell’s sudden hawkishness and the November jobs report. The headline nonfarm payrolls came in well below expectation, registering 210,000 new jobs versus consensus expectation of 531,000. That statistic is based on a survey of businesses. The Bureau of Labor also releases an employment measure based on a survey of households and that measure showed a gain of 1.1 million new jobs in the month, significantly above expectations and the polar opposite of the nonfarm farm result. Moreover, the household report showed that 594,000 persons reentered the workforce and, as a result, the unemployment rate fell to 4.2%, down from 6.3% in January of this year and well below the 14.8% rate registered in April 2020.
At the press conference following the last FOMC meeting, chairman Powell described the employment recovery as incomplete, leaving market participants to conclude that the then just decided directive to taper open market purchases would be the modus operandi, at least for the foreseeable future. We call that interpretation into question with today’s comments by Vice Chairman Richard Clarida and Fed Governor Chris Waller. In separate speeches they both communicated that the Fed may need to discuss speeding up to pace of taper at the meeting in December.
Wednesday November 10th provided a proverbial “gut punch” to the capital markets. The day started with the inflation report for October that was way above expectations and was capped with a 30-year bond auction that was an absolute disaster. Year over year CPI came in at 6.2% versus the 5.4% registered last month. Fed Chairman Powell continues to believe that the uptick in inflation is going to pass but it’s not happening, and people are not happy about it. In the latest release, energy had an outsized effect on the result, climbing 4.8% month-over-month, but that represents a little over 7% of the total.
This was supposed to be the week that the Fed, the Bank of England and, to a lesser extent, the ECB eased off the accelerator of monetary policy. As communicated for several months now, Chairman Powell announced that the Fed would begin to taper open market purchases in the amount of $15 billion per month. At the post-meeting press conference, which is typically a non-controversial “softball” affair, the tone of the Q&A got a bit confrontational. Powell reiterated repeatedly that the Fed was in no way prepared to raise the Fed Funds rate. After driving home that point, the line of questioning turned to the trading scandal that cost Fed Presidents Kaplan and Rosengren their jobs. We had thought the matter had been put to bed but apparently the media didn’t get the memo. Powell was put through the rhetorical wringer with questions like how he’d restore the confidence of the American people and if he felt the new policy went far enough. He got through those questions with an even tone, but when asked if the trading scandal would hurt his chances for Biden to renominate him and for Congress to approve his approve his nomination, there was decidedly a bit of annoyance in his “I’m not going to answer that question” response. Otherwise, investors were delighted that a rate hike is not contemplated anytime soon, as witnessed by the simultaneous rally in stocks and bonds to close out the week.
The dour mood bond buyers have been in since early August reversed itself in a bout of short covering this week, with an especially sharp move on Wednesday. On that day alone, the 10-year Treasury note plunged 9 basis points. The fall in yield occurred despite mostly better than expected economic data, and was highlighted by an outstanding 5-year note auction. Bucking the trend of weaker, tailing auctions, the $61 billion 5-year note cleared 2.5 basis points below the at-auction yield. Moreover, Primary Dealers bought 17.9% of the auctioned amount, the third lowest result since 2004. The momentum was enough to carry the 30-year note below 2.00% for the first time since early September. That’s not to imply that we’ve turned bullish on the bond market. To the contrary, we think the price action this week was simply supply and demand coming back into balance after several bearish months.
Fed Chairman Powell ended the week by delivering a “wishy washy” overview of the economy and monetary policy at a virtual panel discussion. In fairness, he avoided using the word “transitory” to describe the rising prices that have consumers loudly complaining. Instead, he characterized inflation as being elevated and will likely stay that way for a bit longer. He did acknowledge what we learned from the minutes of the last FOMCC meeting that taper will begin soon and conclude next summer.
There was much to analyze this week with inflation coming in higher than expected and retail sales surprising to the upside. Equities once again pulled themselves off the mat and appear poised to go at least a few more rounds with greedy and fearful investors. Less obvious but quite telling is the yield curve flattening that took place. The spread between the 2-year note and the 30-year bond has flattened 18 basis points since last Friday. That’s a meaningful move and hints that investors are starting to position for a sooner than advertised interest rate hike.
At first glance the September unemployment report released on Friday looked wildly disappointing. It’s been described as “Disastrous” at several media outlets. Consensus was looking for 500,000 newly created jobs for the month, and to be honest, we would have taken the over on that bet. Instead the BLS reported that the economy generated 194,000 jobs for the period.